Engine Lubrication System | Working Principle , Types and Components | Learn Mechanical Engineering (2023)

FAQs

What are the principles of engine lubrication? ›

In theory, fluid lubrication is based on the actual separation of the surfaces so that no metal-to-metal contact occurs. As long as the oil film remains unbroken, metallic friction is replaced by the internal fluid friction of the lubricant. Under ideal conditions, friction and wear are held to a minimum.

A typical engine lubrication system involves components like Oil – sump, strainer, pump and filter, all of which are parts of the initial oil suction line. In addition, the main gallery involves components like flow passages within the connecting rods, crankshaft, and bearings.

The components of industrial lubrication systems are the reservoir, lubrication pump, metering device, controller, filter, supply lines, and feed lines.

In the four-stroke cycle gasoline engine, there are four strokes of the piston in each cycle: two up and two down. The four strokes of a cycle are intake, compression, power, and exhaust. A cycle occurs during two revolutions of the crankshaft.

Working Principle of a Four-Stroke Engine

The working of four-stroke engine consists of four strokes – Suction, Compression, Power, and Exhaust.

Lubrication is the control of friction and wear by the introduction of a friction-reducing film between moving surfaces in contact. The lubricant used can be a fluid, solid, or plastic substance.

To lubricate each part of the bearing, and to reduce friction and wear. To carry away heat generated inside bearing due to friction and other causes. To cover rolling contact surface with the proper oil film in order to prolong bearing fatigue life. To prevent corrosion and contamination by dirt.

Oil Pumps can be used for a wide variety of oil applications, varying in viscosities. Some of the most common pump types used are centrifugal pumps, peristaltic pumps, gear pumps and progressive cavity pumps.

What are the three functions of engine lubrication? ›

Lubricants provide three major functions within your engine: cooling, cleaning and reducing friction. The goal is to protect the engine components against damage from heat, contaminants and metal-to-metal contact. But how exactly does the engine oil accomplish these things?

What are the components of a lubrication system? Oil pan, pickup tube, oil pump, pressure relief valve, oil filter, spurt holes and galleries, and sump.

There are 4 types of lubricants: Oil, Grease, Penetrating Lubricants, and Dry Lubricants.

Motor oil can be segmented into four basic varieties—synthetic oil, synthetic blends, high mileage oil, and conventional oil.

There are three major engine systems necessary to keep an internal combustion engine running. They are the ignition system, the lubrication system, and the fuel system.

The most common engine types - the four-cylinder, the boxer-four, straight-six, V6 and V8 - have their own pros and cons.

Piston: The piston of an engine is the first part to begin movement and to transmit power to the crankshaft as a result of the pressure and energy generated by the combustion of the fuel. The piston is closed at one end and open on the other end to permit direct attachment of the connecting rod and its free action.

How does lubrication work? ›

Lubricants form an oil film on the surface of metals to reduce friction. Reduced friction prevents heating and abrasion on the friction surface. Lubricants maintain internal cleanliness by suspending contaminants within the fluid or by preventing the contaminants from adhering to components.

A Lubrication system is a means whereby a material is placed between two rubbing surfaces to alleviate friction and therefore wear. For example if you rub your hands together they will heat up due to the friction and eventually your skin will burn.

Lubrication is the action of applying a substance such as oil or grease to an engine or component so as to minimize friction and allow smooth movement. Lubrication System. Lubricating system is a mechanical system of lubricating internal combustion engines in which a pump forces oil into the engine bearings.

Main Types of Pumps: Centrifugal and Positive Displacement.

The cylinder walls and piston-pin bearings are lubricated by oil fling dispersed by the rotating crankshaft. The excess being scraped off by the lower ring in the piston. A bleed or tributary from the main supply passage feeds each camshaft bearing.

What causes car oil pump failure? Engine sludge, which is usually a combination of dirt, contamination and old engine oil is highly damaging to a car's mechanical parts, restricting normal oil flow and causing friction and heat build-up, both of which can lead to oil pump failure.

Four-stroke engines are lubricated by oil held in an oil sump. The oil is distributed through the engine by splash lubrication or a pressurized lubrication pump system; these systems may be used alone or together. Splash lubrication is achieved by partly submerging the crankshaft in the oil sump.

We usually use conventional oil (also known as mineral oil) or synthetic oil for lubrication. Both these oils contain a base oil — generally of crude oil base stock — and additives.

Oil Pump: The oil pump is a component that helps to push the lubricating oil to all the moving parts in the engine. It's located at the bottom of the crankcase, close to the oil sump. It supplies oil to the oil filter before sending it further.

What are the major lubricant types? ›

There are 4 types of lubricants: Oil, Grease, Penetrating Lubricants, and Dry Lubricants.

In most automobiles, which lubrication system is commonly used? Explanation: Pressure type lubrication is used commonly in most automobiles. In this system, oil is drawn in from the sump and forced to all the main bearings of the crankshaft through distributing channels.

There are three methods of lubricating LM systems: manual greasing using a grease gun or manual pump, forced greasing with the aid of an automatic pump, and oil-bath lubrication.